What does 'latency' refer to in a network?

Latency refers specifically to the delay that occurs before a transfer of data begins. It is a critical measurement in networking as it indicates how long it takes for a packet of data to travel from its source to its destination, and it can be influenced by various factors such as the distance the data must travel, the type of network infrastructure, and any processing delays along the way.

In practical terms, lower latency means that there is less delay, which can significantly enhance the user experience, especially in applications that require real-time interaction, such as online gaming, video conferencing, or VoIP services. High latency can create noticeable delays, leading to interruptions or lag in these services.

Understanding latency is essential for network professionals to optimize performance, ensuring data communication is as efficient and prompt as possible. It plays a vital role in the overall performance assessment of various network services and applications.